TABLE TENNIS ENGLAND 01.10.21
LAWS & BY-LAWS 2021
2.1 THE TABLE
2.1.1 The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular, 2.74m long
and 1.525m wide, and shall lie in a horizontal plane 76cm above the floor.
2.1.2 The playing surface shall not include the vertical sides of the table-top.
2.1.3 The playing surface may be of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of about 23cm when
a standard ball is dropped on to it from a height of 30cm.
2.1.4 The playing surface shall be uniformly dark coloured and matt, but with a white side line, 2cm
wide, along each 2.74m edge and a white end line, 2cm wide, along each 1.525m edge.
2.1.5 The playing surface shall be divided into 2 equal courts by a vertical net running parallel with the
end lines, and shall be continuous over the whole area of each court.
2.1.6 For doubles, each court shall be divided into 2 equal half-courts by a white centre line, 3mm wide,
running parallel with the side lines; the centre line shall be regarded as part of each right half-
court.
2.2 THE NET ASSEMBLY
2.2.1 The net assembly shall consist of the net, its suspension and the supporting posts, including the
clamps attaching them to the table.
2.2.2 The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high, the
outside limits of the post being 15.25cm outside the side line.
2.2.3 The top of the net, along its whole length, shall be 15.25cm above the playing surface.
2.2.4 The bottom of the net, along its whole length, shall be as close as possible to the playing surface
and the ends of the net shall be attached to the supporting posts from top to bottom.
2.3 THE BALL
2.3.1 The ball shall be spherical, with a diameter of 40mm.
2.3.2 The ball shall weigh 2.7g.
2.3.3 The ball shall be made of celluloid or similar plastics material and shall be white or orange, and
matt.
2.3.4 The ball shall be of a brand and type currently approved by the ITTF.
2.4 THE RACKET
2.4.1 The racket may be of any size, shape or weight but the blade shall be flat and rigid.
2.4.2 At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood; an adhesive layer within the blade
may be reinforced with fibrous material such as carbon fibre, glass fibre or compressed paper,
but shall not be thicker than 7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm, whichever is the smaller.
2.4.3 A side of the blade used for striking the ball shall be covered with either ordinary pimpled rubber,
with pimples outwards having a total thickness including adhesive of not more than 2.0mm, or
sandwich rubber, with pimples inwards or outwards, having a total thickness including adhesive
of not more than 4.0mm.
2.4.3.1 Ordinary pimpled rubber is a single layer of non-cellular rubber, natural or synthetic, with pimples
evenly distributed over its surface at a density of not less than 10/cm2 and not more than 30/cm2.
2.4.3.2 Sandwich rubber is a single layer of cellular rubber covered with a single outer layer of ordinary
pimpled rubber, the thickness of the pimpled rubber not being more than 2mm.
2.4.4 The covering material shall extend up to but not beyond the limits of the blade, except that the
part nearest the handle and gripped by the fingers may be left uncovered or covered with any
material.
2.4.5 The blade, any layer within the blade and any layer of covering material or adhesive on a side
used for striking the ball shall be continuous and of even thickness.
2.4.6 The surface of the covering material on a side of the blade, or of a side of the blade if it is left
uncovered, shall be matt, black on one side, and of a bright colour clearly distinguishable from
black and from the colour of the ball on the other.
2.4.7 The racket covering shall be used without any chemical, physical or other treatment.
2.4.7.1 Slight deviations from continuity of surface or uniformity of colour due to accidental damage or
wear may be allowed provided that they do not significantly change the characteristics of the
surface.
2.4.8 At the start of a match and whenever he or she changes his or her racket during a match a player
shall show his or her opponent and the umpire the racket he or she is about to use and shall allow
them to examine it.
2.4.9 The racket covering shall be of a brand and type currently authorised by the ITTF.
2.4.10 A racket shall not be changed during an individual match unless it is accidentally damaged so
badly that it cannot be used.
2.5 DEFINITIONS
2.5.1 A rally is the period during which the ball is in play.
2.5.2 The ball is in play from the last moment at which it is stationary on the palm of the free hand
before being intentionally projected in service until the rally is decided as a let or a point.
2.5.3 A let is a rally of which the result is not scored.
2.5.4 A point is a rally of which the result is scored.
2.5.5 The racket hand is the hand carrying the racket.
2.5.6 The free hand is the hand not carrying the racket; the free arm is the arm of the free hand.
2.5.7 A player strikes the ball if he or she touches it in play with his or her racket, held in the hand, or
with his or her racket hand below the wrist.
2.5.8 A player obstructs the ball if he or she, or anything he or she wears or carries, touches it in play
when it is above or travelling towards the playing surface, not having touched his or her court
since last being struck by an opponent.
2.5.9 The server is the player due to strike the ball first in a rally.
2.5.10 The receiver is the player due to strike the ball second in a rally.
2.5.11 The umpire is the person appointed to control a match.
2.5.12 The assistant umpire is the person appointed to assist the umpire with certain decisions.
2.5.13 Anything that a player wears or carries includes anything that he or she was wearing or carrying,
other than the ball, at the start of the rally.
2.5.14 The end line shall be regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions.
2.6 THE SERVICE
2.6.1 Service shall start with the ball resting freely on the open palm of the server's stationary free hand.
2.6.2 The server shall then project the ball near vertically upwards, without imparting spin, so that it
rises at least 16cm after leaving the palm of the free hand and then falls without touching anything
before being struck.
2.6.3 As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then touches
directly the receiver's court; in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of
server and receiver.
2.6.4 From the start of service until it is struck, the ball shall be above the level of the playing surface
and behind the server's end line, and it shall not be hidden from the receiver by the server or his
or her doubles partner or by anything they wear or carry.
2.6.5 As soon as the ball has been projected, the server’s free arm and hand shall be removed from
the space between the ball and the net; the space between the ball and the net is defined by the
ball, the net and its indefinite upward extension.
2.6.6 It is the responsibility of the player to serve so that the umpire or the assistant umpire can be
satisfied that he or she complies with the requirements of the Law and either may decide that a
service is incorrect.
2.6.6.1 If either the umpire or the assistant umpire is not sure about the legality of a service he or she
may, on the first occasion in a match, interrupt play and warn the server, but any subsequent
service by that player or his or her doubles partner which is not clearly legal shall be considered
incorrect.
2.6.7 Exceptionally, the umpire may relax the requirements for a good service where he or she is
satisfied that compliance is prevented by physical disability.
2.7 THE RETURN
2.7.1 The ball, having been served or returned, shall be struck so that it touches the opponent's court,
either directly or after touching the net assembly.
2.8 THE ORDER OF PLAY
2.8.1 In singles, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return and
thereafter server and receiver alternately shall each make a return.
2.8.2 In doubles, except as provided in 2.8.3, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall
then make a return, the partner of the server shall then make a return, the partner of the
receiver shall then make a return and thereafter each player in turn in that sequence shall make
a return.
2.8.3 In doubles, when at least one player of a pair is in a wheelchair due to a physical disability, the
server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return but thereafter either
player of the disabled pair may make returns.
2.9 A LET
2.9.1 The rally shall be a let
2.9.1.1 if in service the ball touches the net assembly, provided the service is otherwise correct or the
ball is obstructed by the receiver or his or her partner;
2.9.1.2 if the service is delivered when the receiving player or pair is not ready, provided that neither the
receiver nor his or her partner attempts to strike the ball;
2.9.1.3 if failure to make a service or a return or otherwise to comply with the Laws is due to a disturbance
outside the control of the player;
2.9.1.4 if play is interrupted by the umpire or assistant umpire.
2.9.1.5 if the receiver is in a wheelchair owing to a physical disability and the ball, provided the service is
otherwise good,
2.9.1.5.1 leaves the receiver’s court after touching it in the direction of the net;
2.9.1.5.2 comes to rest on the receiver’s court;
2.9.1.5.3 in singles leaves the receiver’s court after touching by either of its side lines.
2.9.2 Play may be interrupted
2.9.2.1 to correct an error in the order of serving, receiving or ends;
2.9.2.2 to introduce the expedite system;
2.9.2.3 to warn or penalise a player or adviser;
2.9.2.4 because the conditions of play are disturbed in a way which could affect the outcome of the rally.
2.10 A POINT
2.10.1 Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point
2.10.1.1 if an opponent fails to make a correct service;
2.10.1.2 if an opponent fails to make a correct return;
2.10.1.3 if, after he or she has made a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net
assembly before being struck by an opponent;
2.10.1.4 if the ball passes over his or her court or beyond his or her end line without touching his or her
court, after being struck by an opponent;
2.10.1.5 if the ball, after being struck by an opponent, passes through the net, between the net and the net
post or between the net and the playing surface;
2.10.1.6 if an opponent obstructs the ball;
2.10.1.7 if an opponent deliberately strikes the ball more than once successively;
2.10.1.8 if an opponent strikes the ball with a side of the racket blade whose surface does not comply with
the requirements of 2.4.3-2.4.6;
2.10.1.9 if an opponent, or anything an opponent wears or carries, moves the playing surface;
2.10.1.10 if his or her opponent, or anything an opponent wears or carries, touches the net assembly;
2.10.1.11 if an opponent's free hand touches the playing surface;
2.10.1.12 if a doubles opponent strikes the ball out of the sequence established by the first server and first
receiver;
2.10.1.13 as provided under the expedite system (2.15.4).
2.10.1.14 if both players are in wheelchairs owing to physical disability and
2.10.1.14.1 an opponent does not maintain a minimum contact with the seat or cushions with the back of the
thigh when the ball is struck;
2.10.14.1.2 an opponent touches the table with either hand before striking the ball;
2.10.14.1.3 an opponent's footrest or foot touches the floor during play;
2.10.1.15 if, where an opposing pair includes at least one player in a wheelchair, any part of the wheelchair
or a foot of a standing player crosses an imaginary extension of the centre line.
2.11 A GAME
A game shall be won by the player or pair first scoring 11 points unless both players or pairs score
10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player or pair subsequently gaining a lead of
2 points.
2.12 A MATCH
2.12.1 A match shall consist of the best of any odd number of games.
2.13 THE ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING AND ENDS
2.13.1 The right to choose the initial order of serving, receiving and ends shall be decided by lot and the
winner may choose to serve or to receive first or to start at a particular end.
2.13.2 When one player or pair has chosen to serve or to receive first or to start at a particular end, the
other player or pair shall have the other choice.
2.13.3 After each 2 points have been scored the receiving player or pair shall become the serving player
or pair and so on until the end of the game, unless both players or pairs score 10 points or the
expedite system is in operation, when the sequences of serving and receiving shall be the same
but each player shall serve for only 1 point in turn.
2.13.4 In each game of a doubles match, the pair having the right to serve first shall choose which of
them will do so and in the first game of a match the receiving pair shall decide which of them will
receive first; in subsequent games of the match, the first server having been chosen, the first
receiver shall be the player who served to him or her in the preceding game.
2.13.5 In doubles, at each change of service the previous receiver shall become the server and the
partner of the previous server shall become the receiver.
2.13.6 The player or pair serving first in a game shall receive first in the next game of the match and in
the last possible game of a doubles match the pair due to receive next shall change their order of
receiving when first one pair scores 5 points.
2.13.7 The player or pair starting at one end in a game shall start at the other end in the next game of
the match and in the last possible game of a match the players or pairs shall change ends when
first one player or pair scores 5 points.
2.14 OUT OF ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING OR ENDS
2.14.1 If a player serves or receives out of turn, play shall be interrupted by the umpire as soon as the
error is discovered and shall resume with those players serving and receiving who should be
server and receiver respectively at the score that has been reached, according to the sequence
established at the beginning of the match and, in doubles, to the order of serving chosen by the
pair having the right to serve first in the game during which the error is discovered.
2.14.2 If the players have not changed ends when they should have done so, play shall be interrupted
by the umpire as soon as the error is discovered and shall resume with the players at the ends at
which they should be at the score that has been reached, according to the sequence established
at the start of the match.
2.14.3 In any circumstances, all points scored before the discovery of an error shall be reckoned.
2.15 THE EXPEDITE SYSTEM
2.15.1 Except as provided in 2.15.2, the expedite system shall come into operation after 10 minutes' play
in a game or at any time when requested by both players or pairs.
2.15.2 The expedite system shall not be introduced in a game if at least 18 points have been scored.
2.15.3 If the ball is in play when the time limit is reached and the expedite system is due to come into
operation, play shall be interrupted by the umpire and shall resume with service by the player who
served in the rally that was interrupted; if the ball is not in play when the expedite system comes
into operation, play shall resume with service by the player who received in the immediately
preceding rally.
2.15.4 Thereafter, each player shall serve for 1 point in turn until the end of the game, and if the receiving
player or pair makes 13 returns in a rally the receiver shall score a point.
2.15.5 Introduction of the expedite system shall not alter the order of serving and receiving in the match,
as defined in 2.13.6.
2.15.6 Once introduced, the expedite system shall remain in operation until the end of the match.